Application of Raman Microscope in Protecting Kidney Health

Introduction

Urinary stones and kidney disease are a global problem, and crystals are one of the important diagnostic indicators of urinary system stones and kidney damage. The causes of urinary tract stones are complex and are obviously related to metabolic abnormalities. Through the analysis of the components of urinary system stones, metabolic risk factors can be understood, which plays an important role in analyzing the causes of stones and preventing the formation and recurrence of stones. Therefore, this test study is based on the identification and analysis of urine crystals using Raman spectroscopy technology for the diagnosis of urinary system stones and kidney damage. There are differences in urinary stone kidney disease even in different regions in the same province. Research on the gender, age, race, genetics and other immutable factors of regional urinary stone patients can provide guidance for the screening and early intervention treatment of local urinary stones. Provide effective basis; research on regional environmental factors, dietary habits and other variable factors of patients with urinary tract stones can provide theoretical basis for preventive measures for recurrence of urinary tract stones and local health guidelines.

Background Introduction

The incidence rate of urinary system stones in my country is 1% to 5%. In recent years, urinary system stones have made great progress from basic research to clinical treatment. Different urine crystals have different meanings in clinical diagnosis. In the past, urine Crystal detection mainly relies on chemical reagents and microscope observation for identification. This method consumes manpower and material resources and cannot protect the sample well. With the rapid development of Raman spectroscopy technology, urine crystals can be quickly identified and classified.

Stones removed through surgery:

Instrument introduction

As the leader of domestic Raman products, Optosky's independently developed ATR8300 series combines the advantages of microscopes and Raman spectrometers. The micro-Raman detection platform makes it possible to "what you see is what you measure". The observer can detect the Raman signals of different surface states on the sample, and can simultaneously display the micro-area morphology of the detected position on the computer, which is greatly convenient. Raman micro-area detection.

ATR8300 is equipped with an objective lens specially designed for the Raman system, which makes the laser spot close to the diffraction limit. The focus information is accurately and intuitively displayed on the computer through a 3-megapixel camera, overcoming the slightly higher focal plane of ordinary Raman systems for collecting Raman signals. is smaller than or slightly below the actual optimal focal plane, thereby improving the quality of the Raman spectrum.

ATR8300 has no moving parts for optical path switching. All optical components are solid-state assembly and work very stably. It perfectly solves the loss of light path during camera imaging and realizes the separation of camera imaging and Raman signal collection, thereby obtaining the best signal strength.

The picture uses Raman spectroscopy, a spectrum that reflects molecular vibration and molecular rotation. It is essentially a characteristic frequency shift that is generated by the interaction between molecules and photons and represents the energy level difference of molecular vibration or rotation. Raman frequency shift uses Raman spectrum to perform structural analysis and property detection on the molecular level of the substance. Based on the Raman spectrum, the structure and chemical properties of the molecule are judged, and the specific molecular categories or components are obtained, so as to conduct urine crystallization. Rapid identification and analysis.

Figure 3-ATR8300 physical diagram

Test Results

                                                                                                 A: Microscopic stone picture 1                                                      B: Microscopic stone picture 2

ATR8300-1064 test result spectrum

Picture 1

Picture 2

Conclusion

Referring to the results of previous Raman spectroscopy studies on urinary tract stones, the vibration mode of oxalate stone is more complex than that of phosphate, containing multiple strong characteristic peaks. The frequencies of different vibration modes on the Raman spectrum are mainly in the range of 400~1800cm-1 , including the symmetric stretching vibration mode of the carboxylate group frequency in the range of 1400~1550cm-1 and the asymmetric stretching vibration mode in the range of 1550~1700cm-1, as well as the C-C symmetric stretching vibration mode in the range of 850~950cm-1 and the The range of 450~550cm-1 belongs to the O-C-O plane bending vibration mode β (O-C-O). In addition, the molecular structure of oxalate will vary due to different crystal water content, which will lead to differences in its Raman characteristic spectra. There are obvious differences in the Raman spectra of colemanite monohydrate and colemanite dihydrate, which are common components in urinary tract stones. Calcium oxalate monohydrate has vibrational double peaks at 1467cm-1 and 1490cm-1, a peak at 1629cm-1, and a (C-C) peak at 895cm-1.

This test study shows that the material composition of infectious stones is mainly composed of calcite (calcium oxalate monohydrate/calcium oxalate dihydrate), which shows that infectious stones are significantly heterogeneous and contain a small amount of struvite and carbon apatite. The causes of stones and diseases are closely related. The types and morphological characteristics of the minerals in the stones were obtained, and combined with crystallographic and mineralogical theories, we preliminarily identified the mechanism by which the formation process of stone minerals is constrained by the human body fluid environmental system and crystal habits. It is completely helpful to understand the environment in which stones form and explore the causes of stones.