Application Scenario—Fluorescence Technology New Application
2024-11-11
In environmental science, fluorescent spectroscopy is used for monitoring water quality and air quality. It can detect the concentration of trace pollutants and organic pollutants in water, and analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter in the air, helping to protect the environment and control pollution.
Therefore, in material science, the fluorescence spectrum is used to study the optical properties of nanomaterials and functional materials, providing an important tool for the development of new materials. It has also shown its wide application potential in the fields of food security, textile analysis, and medicine.
Food
01: Tea Grading by Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Each type of tea contains flavonols, tea polyphenols, chlorophyll c, and chlorophyll a, and their contents affect the sensory quality of tea. The use of three-dimensional fluorescence can quickly detect the relative contents of the four substances in tea, and then grade the tea through three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.
In addition, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum also has a good detection effect on the permethrin pesticide residues in tea.
02: Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy to detect edible oil components
The main components of edible oil are fatty acid glycerides and some other trace substances. The content of trace substances varies greatly depending on the type of oil, preparation method, processing method and storage conditions. The substances that can emit fluorescence in oils and fats mainly include vitamins, chlorophyll, pheophytin and mycotoxins. The emission of fluorescence is affected by many factors: the content of fluorescent substances, the type of medium, temperature and quenching substances will cause the generated fluorescence spectrum to shift or deform.
At present, the main methods for detecting the quality of edible oils at home and abroad are chromatography and spectroscopy. Chromatography is time-consuming and costly, and spectroscopy has low selectivity. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum can better reflect the fluorescence intensity information when the excitation wavelength and emission wavelength change simultaneously, and its intensity contour has fingerprint characteristics. The identification of complex mixture samples can be achieved through specific indicators such as the shape, direction, main peak position, and characteristic peak intensity of the fingerprint.
03: Identification of liquor categories using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy
The fluorescence spectrometer was used to measure the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of Xiangquan, Jiugui and Neican liquors with rich aroma, and their fluorescence spectral characteristics were analyzed.
The trace flavor substances in liquor have different three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, resulting in different fingerprint characteristics of liquors with different aromas. The results show that when the excitation wavelength is in the range of 200-300 nm, Xiangquan liquor has three fluorescence peaks, Jiugui liquor has two fluorescence peaks, and Neican liquor has only one fluorescence peak. The fluorescence peak intensity of the three liquors gradually decreases at an excitation wavelength of about 305 nm. When the excitation wavelength is above 300 nm, two fluorescence peaks appear, which are around λex/λem (359 nm/433 nm) and λex/λem (371 nm/436 nm) [1]. These are the main fluorescence peaks of the three liquors, reflecting the fluorescence peak characteristics of cluster molecules formed by various trace flavor substances and ethanol-water through hydrogen bonds. The intensity of the two fluorescence peaks gradually increases with the increase of liquor grade, reflecting the fluorescence spectral characteristics of rich aroma liquors.
04: Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy to identify milk quality
Melamine has weak fluorescence, with a peak wavelength of 360 nm and an optimal excitation wavelength of 255 nm. It is impossible to directly detect melamine using fluorescence spectroscopy. Therefore, it is necessary to develop targeted new fluorescent probes to achieve the purpose of detecting melamine in milk.
Hg2+ and NCDs are used as fluorescent probes to construct a melamine-Hg2+-CDs system. When the melamine concentration is 0-3 mg/L, the fluorescence intensity of the system increases with the increase of melamine concentration, and has a high sensitivity; when the melamine concentration is 3-4 mg/L, the fluorescence intensity of the system tends to increase slowly; when the melamine concentration is 4-10 mg/L, the fluorescence intensity of the system has no obvious change, indicating that the Hg2+ in the solution has been completely combined with melamine.
Three-dimensional fluorescence technology has certain application prospects in the identification of milk quality, component identification, and harmful component residues.
Environmental Science
05: Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for water quality monitoring
The synchronous fluorescence spectra of DOM in municipal sewage during different treatment processes all show one strong peak and four weak shoulders. The strong peak is located near the excitation wavelength of 277nm and belongs to the tyrosine-like fluorescence peak. Since this peak is extremely strong and covers the tryptophan-like fluorescence peak near the excitation wavelength of 310nm, these two peaks are collectively referred to as the protein-like fluorescence peak (PLF), which is the main component of DOM in municipal sewage and mainly comes from the fresher proteins in human domestic sewage. The first weak shoulder peak is located near the excitation wavelength of 330nm and belongs to the microbial metabolite fluorescence peak (MLF). The second and third weak shoulders are located near the excitation wavelengths of 370 and 420nm, respectively, and belong to the fulvic acid-like fluorescence peak (FLF) in the ultraviolet and visible light regions, respectively. [3] The fourth weak shoulder peak is located near the excitation wavelength of 480nm and belongs to the humic acid-like fluorescence peak (HLF). In general, the fluorescence peaks weaken along the way.
Common fluorescent organic matter in water includes proteins, humus, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrimidine and other heterocyclic organic matter, oils and fats, and some dyes. By comparing them with the water quality fluorescent fingerprints of known pollution sources or known points, the pollutants and pollution sources can be identified.
06: Characterization of soil components by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy
The three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy technology was used to study the differences in the sources and composition of water-soluble organic matter in soil at different depths under the long-term application of high-amount biocompost, constant-amount biocompost, high-amount traditional compost, constant-amount traditional compost and chemical fertilizer. The fluorescence peak of DOM can characterize its structure and composition characteristics. There are 5 fluorescence peaks in the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of DOM in soil samples. Peaks A and B belong to tyrosine and tryptophan, respectively, peaks C and D belong to humic acid, and peak E belongs to soluble microbial metabolites. The results show that the distribution pattern of soil water-soluble organic carbon (DOC) content in soil profiles under different fertilization treatments is quite different, and composting significantly increases the DOC of 0-20 and 60-80cm soil layers.
Three-dimensional fluorescence technology can quickly and non-destructively obtain the fluorescence information of organic matter in soil, helping researchers understand the composition, structure and properties of soil organic matter. By performing three-dimensional fluorescence scanning analysis on soil samples, data such as fluorescence emission spectrum, fluorescence intensity diagram and fluorescence emission light intensity can be obtained, and then the soil organic carbon content and its quality can be inferred.
Public Security
07: Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy to identify body fluid stains
Instrument for identifying common biological evidence at the scene using spectral technology at room temperature (supervised by the Identification Center of the Ministry of Public Security; the equipment is based on fluorescence spectral analysis method, with an excitation wavelength of 200~300 nm, an emission wavelength of 220~600 nm, an excitation slit width of 5 μm, an emission slit width of 10 μm, and a scanning speed of 500 nm/min)
Saliva samples, blood samples, coffee samples and Fanta samples were tested and dropped on quartz glass slides that were cleaned with ultrapure water and dried, and dried to a stain state at room temperature for use. The results show that the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the four substances can be seen in the right figure. The more obvious characteristic fluorescence peak of the Fanta sample (i.e., fluorescence Ex/fluorescence Em) appears at 280.8/324.0 nm, and there is a weaker peak at 250.9/319.0. The characteristic fluorescence peak of the coffee sample appears at 320.8/423.8 nm, and there is a weaker peak at 85.8/335.0 nm. The characteristic fluorescence peak of saliva samples appears at 285.8/339.0 nm, and there is a weaker peak at 230.9/339.0 nm. The characteristic fluorescence peak of blood samples appears at 290.8/344.0 nm, and there is also a weaker peak at 235.0/334.0 nm.
References:
[1] Jin Xiqing, Yin Hong, Chen Songqiang, Yu Bing, Gao Yan, Zhou Jin. Study on the three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characteristics of fragrant liquor [J]. China Brewing, 2023, 42(1): 203-208
[2] Yin Wenzhi. Research on the detection method of harmful substances in milk based on fluorescence spectroscopy [D]. Jiangnan University, 2022. DOI: 10.27169/d.cnki.gwqgu.2022.002227.
[3] Yu Benxin, Zhang Guangcai, Sun Yingxue. Application of two-dimensional correlation synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy to study the components of dissolved organic matter in municipal sewage [J]. Environmental Pollution and Prevention ,2021,43(06):704-707.DOI:10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2021.06.007.
[4]Liu Xiayan, Cao Haoxuan, Miao Chuanghe, et al. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopic study of water-soluble organic matter in fluvo-aquic soil profile under long-term composting treatment[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2023,43(03):674-684.
[5] Chang Jingjing, Zhou Hui, Zhang Jin, et al. . Three-dimensional fluorescence spectral analysis for identification of human body fluid stains and non-biological stains[J]. Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2023, 39(1): 40-44.
[6] Liu Chao, Gong Guixiong. Intrinsic fluorescence spectral response of four common human body fluids at crime scenes[J]. Journal of Guizhou Police Vocational College, 2016, 28(06): 84-87.DOI:10.13310/j.cnki.gzjy.2016.06.012.
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