TOC Monitoring in Wastewater Treatment Plants
author: Otis
2022-11-30
TOC Monitoring in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Introduction
Measuring organic matter in water, the methods introduced decades ago are Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) , both of which are still used as parameters for checking the quality of water treatment ; however , the Over time, ranging from hours to days, organic carbon ( TOC ) monitoring allows effective process control as results are produced every few minutes. Although it cannot completely replace the measurement of BOD or COD, it can realize intelligent, data-driven and fast decision-making, optimize the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in treating wastewater, and treat wastewater more accurately and efficiently.
Growing populations and expanding industries are depleting water resources while adding nutrients and pollutants to water supplies. These facts coupled with increased public demand for quality water at an affordable price has brought the water treatment industry into the spotlight. Whether complying with water regulations, optimizing treatment processes to save time and money, or seeking better water management during emergencies (floods, fires, safety threats, industrial droughts or industrial spills), understanding and recognizing organic matter and organic matter removal All are of great value. Total Organic Compound (TOC) monitoring is one of the most important parameters that drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities can use to make treatment decisions. Measuring TOC is critical to water quality in water treatment facilities and helps to optimize the treatment process. TOC is very useful in detecting the presence of many organic compounds .
Contaminants, including petroleum products, organic acids such as humic and enriched acids, pesticides, pathogens, etc. It is a non-specific, but inclusive parameter for monitoring organisms. Understanding and mastering the level of TOC entering, passing through and leaving the factory can be used as an indicator to measure the effect of treatment and pollution. Compared to methods such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), TOC includes all organic compounds and can be achieved instrumentally in minutes rather than hours or days in the laboratory with reagents. The advantages of TOC are verified by comparing three organic matter measurement methods (BOD, COD, TOC) .
Methods for the measurement of organic matter in water and wastewater
BOD measurement
BOD measures the amount of dissolved oxygen required by aerobic organisms to oxidize organic matter in a water sample. BOD is usually expressed as BOD5, which is the million grams of oxygen consumed per liter of sample, incubated at 20 °C for 5 days. It is an indirect measure of the organic quality or pollution of water .
c BOD (carbonaceous BOD) is a BOD measurement in which a nitrification inhibitor is added to a BOD sample to prevent the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, specifically measuring the contribution of organic carbon to the oxygen demand.
To ensure biological activity in the BOD test, the water sample must be free of chlorine and copper, have a pH between 6.5 and 7.5, and need to have sufficient microbial populations. In addition to this, the BOD test is challenging to reproducible between humans and yields results after 5 days of culture.
COD measurement
COD is a test that replaces and complements BOD, and its main advantage is that it only takes a few hours to complete, compared to 5 days for BOD. COD analysis is based on the principle of measuring the color change caused by chemical oxidation of the sample. Oxidation is achieved by closed reflux of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid solution. Similar to BOD analysis, it is an indirect measurement of the quality or pollution of organic substances in water, usually in the form of Expressed in milligrams of O2 consumed per liter of sample . COD analysis uses toxic chemicals and generates hazardous waste that requires proper disposal and disposal. In fact, in addition to potassium dichromate in a 50% sulfuric acid solution, pre-prepared COD vials also contained silver sulfate as a catalyst and mercuric sulfate to mitigate chloride interference .
TOC measurement
TOC measurements typically take 5-10 minutes to complete. And our Optosky TOC analyzer only takes 3 minutes. At the heart of a TOC test is a carbon analysis instrument that measures the total organic carbon in a water or wastewater sample. There are different types of analyzers but all analyzers oxidize organic carbon to carbon dioxide and use detection methods to measure the resulting carbon dioxide . Oxidation methods include combustion, ultraviolet persulfate, and supercritical water oxidation. Detection methods include NDIR (non-dispersive infrared) and membrane conductivity. The methods used by our Optosky are high-temperature catalytic oxidation method, ultraviolet persulfate oxidation method, and conductivity method.
Compared
COD and BOD are laboratory techniques, while TOC can be done in the laboratory (offline measurement) or online (online measurement. The value of online analysis is obviously in getting real-time data to see process changes and make fast processes based on what is observed Decision swings. Online TOC analyzers typically require year-round maintenance and have consumable parts that need to be replaced. Our Optosky TOC analyzers are designed for ease of use and minimal maintenance and are calibrated every 6 months.
Cost of Ownership and Complexity More Important TOC than COD or BOD : TOC testing procedures are relatively simple and straightforward, but specific to the type of carbon analysis instrument used. We at Optosky follow the procedure exactly for best results.
Conclusion
TOC onitoring drives intelligent, information-rich and rapid decision-making to improve process control in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, enabling these treatment facilities to meet regulatory requirements and optimize treatment processes. Municipal treatment facility operators can use the data to take action in real time. As you can see from the comparison, the use of TOC analyzer data can provide insight into real-time changes in organic carbon, which can be used to optimize processes, from nutrient dosing in biological wastewater treatment facilities to treating membrane backwash water to minimize drinking water Possibility of DBP formation. Implementing TOC analysis in water treatment facilities is a powerful tool that can help operators continue to treat water efficiently and positively impact treatment costs to meet current and future regulatory requirements.
Introduction
Measuring organic matter in water, the methods introduced decades ago are Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD ) , both of which are still used as parameters for checking the quality of water treatment ; however , the Over time, ranging from hours to days, organic carbon ( TOC ) monitoring allows effective process control as results are produced every few minutes. Although it cannot completely replace the measurement of BOD or COD, it can realize intelligent, data-driven and fast decision-making, optimize the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants in treating wastewater, and treat wastewater more accurately and efficiently.
Growing populations and expanding industries are depleting water resources while adding nutrients and pollutants to water supplies. These facts coupled with increased public demand for quality water at an affordable price has brought the water treatment industry into the spotlight. Whether complying with water regulations, optimizing treatment processes to save time and money, or seeking better water management during emergencies (floods, fires, safety threats, industrial droughts or industrial spills), understanding and recognizing organic matter and organic matter removal All are of great value. Total Organic Compound (TOC) monitoring is one of the most important parameters that drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities can use to make treatment decisions. Measuring TOC is critical to water quality in water treatment facilities and helps to optimize the treatment process. TOC is very useful in detecting the presence of many organic compounds .
Contaminants, including petroleum products, organic acids such as humic and enriched acids, pesticides, pathogens, etc. It is a non-specific, but inclusive parameter for monitoring organisms. Understanding and mastering the level of TOC entering, passing through and leaving the factory can be used as an indicator to measure the effect of treatment and pollution. Compared to methods such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), TOC includes all organic compounds and can be achieved instrumentally in minutes rather than hours or days in the laboratory with reagents. The advantages of TOC are verified by comparing three organic matter measurement methods (BOD, COD, TOC) .
Methods for the measurement of organic matter in water and wastewater
BOD measurement
BOD measures the amount of dissolved oxygen required by aerobic organisms to oxidize organic matter in a water sample. BOD is usually expressed as BOD5, which is the million grams of oxygen consumed per liter of sample, incubated at 20 °C for 5 days. It is an indirect measure of the organic quality or pollution of water .
c BOD (carbonaceous BOD) is a BOD measurement in which a nitrification inhibitor is added to a BOD sample to prevent the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, specifically measuring the contribution of organic carbon to the oxygen demand.
To ensure biological activity in the BOD test, the water sample must be free of chlorine and copper, have a pH between 6.5 and 7.5, and need to have sufficient microbial populations. In addition to this, the BOD test is challenging to reproducible between humans and yields results after 5 days of culture.
COD measurement
COD is a test that replaces and complements BOD, and its main advantage is that it only takes a few hours to complete, compared to 5 days for BOD. COD analysis is based on the principle of measuring the color change caused by chemical oxidation of the sample. Oxidation is achieved by closed reflux of potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid solution. Similar to BOD analysis, it is an indirect measurement of the quality or pollution of organic substances in water, usually in the form of Expressed in milligrams of O2 consumed per liter of sample . COD analysis uses toxic chemicals and generates hazardous waste that requires proper disposal and disposal. In fact, in addition to potassium dichromate in a 50% sulfuric acid solution, pre-prepared COD vials also contained silver sulfate as a catalyst and mercuric sulfate to mitigate chloride interference .
TOC measurement
TOC measurements typically take 5-10 minutes to complete. And our Optosky TOC analyzer only takes 3 minutes. At the heart of a TOC test is a carbon analysis instrument that measures the total organic carbon in a water or wastewater sample. There are different types of analyzers but all analyzers oxidize organic carbon to carbon dioxide and use detection methods to measure the resulting carbon dioxide . Oxidation methods include combustion, ultraviolet persulfate, and supercritical water oxidation. Detection methods include NDIR (non-dispersive infrared) and membrane conductivity. The methods used by our Optosky are high-temperature catalytic oxidation method, ultraviolet persulfate oxidation method, and conductivity method.
Compared
COD and BOD are laboratory techniques, while TOC can be done in the laboratory (offline measurement) or online (online measurement. The value of online analysis is obviously in getting real-time data to see process changes and make fast processes based on what is observed Decision swings. Online TOC analyzers typically require year-round maintenance and have consumable parts that need to be replaced. Our Optosky TOC analyzers are designed for ease of use and minimal maintenance and are calibrated every 6 months.
Cost of Ownership and Complexity More Important TOC than COD or BOD : TOC testing procedures are relatively simple and straightforward, but specific to the type of carbon analysis instrument used. We at Optosky follow the procedure exactly for best results.
Conclusion
TOC onitoring drives intelligent, information-rich and rapid decision-making to improve process control in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, enabling these treatment facilities to meet regulatory requirements and optimize treatment processes. Municipal treatment facility operators can use the data to take action in real time. As you can see from the comparison, the use of TOC analyzer data can provide insight into real-time changes in organic carbon, which can be used to optimize processes, from nutrient dosing in biological wastewater treatment facilities to treating membrane backwash water to minimize drinking water Possibility of DBP formation. Implementing TOC analysis in water treatment facilities is a powerful tool that can help operators continue to treat water efficiently and positively impact treatment costs to meet current and future regulatory requirements.
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